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Thai Court Language: English Interpretation Rules
Thai court proceedings are conducted in Thai under CPC §46. Non-Thai-speaking parties have a right to interpretation; this guide covers court-appointed vs party-paid interpreters, sworn translation of evidence, and practical court etiquette.
TL;DR
Thai court proceedings are in Thai language only per Civil Procedure Code §46. Non-Thai-speaking parties and witnesses have a right to interpretation — by court-appointed interpreter (free in criminal cases) or party-paid interpreter (civil). All written pleadings, evidence, and judgments are in Thai; foreign-language documents need sworn translation. Quality of interpretation varies; complex commercial cases commonly require pre-engagement of an expert interpreter.
Interpretation Modes
| Mode | Use | Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Court-appointed (criminal) | For accused / witnesses | Free (state-paid) |
| Court-appointed (civil) | Court discretion | Party-borne |
| Party-engaged (civil) | Preferred for complex cases | Party-borne (THB 1,500-3,500 per half-day) |
Sworn Translation of Documents
- Foreign-language documents require Thai translation by a recognised translator.
- Common bodies: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, registered translation companies, court-listed translators.
- Cost: THB 250-500 per A4 page; expedited service surcharged.
Court Etiquette for Foreigners
- Stand when the court enters / departs.
- Address judges as "Your Honour" (or via interpreter).
- Speak slowly to aid interpretation accuracy.
- Bring a back-up interpreter for high-stakes hearings.
Common Mistakes
- Relying on a friend's informal translation in court.
- Submitting English documents without sworn translation.
- Speaking too fast during testimony — interpreter accuracy suffers.
- Failing to verify court-appointed interpreter's subject-matter expertise.
FAQs
1. Can I use AI translation?
AI / app translation is not court-recognised for evidence or official record. Sworn translation by a recognised translator is required.
2. Does the embassy interpret?
Embassies do not provide court interpretation. Some maintain translator lists.
Related Reading
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