How do I register a trademark in Thailand?

Trademark registration in Thailand: **Filing authority:** Department of Intellectual Property (DIP), Ministry of Commerce **Process:** 1. **Trademark search** (recommended): Check DIP database for conflicting marks — THB 100 per class 2. **File application:** Submit form, trademark specimen, list of goods/services by class 3. **Formal examination:** DIP checks formalities (1-2 months) 4. **Substantive examination:** DIP examines distinctiveness, conflicts (6-12 months) 5. **Publication:** If approved, mark is published in the Trademark Gazette for 90 days 6. **Opposition period:** Any party can oppose during 90-day window 7. **Registration:** If no opposition (or opposition fails), certificate issued **Costs:** - Filing fee: THB 1,000 per class - Registration fee: THB 600 per class - Attorney fees: THB 8,000-20,000 per class (recommended) - Total timeline: 12-18 months **Important notes:** - Thailand follows a first-to-file system — prior use alone does not guarantee rights - Trademarks must be distinctive, not descriptive of the goods/services - Foreign applicants do not need a Thai address but must appoint a Thai agent - Nice Classification system is used (45 classes of goods/services) - Registration is valid for 10 years and renewable indefinitely