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    The content on this page is for general educational purposes and does not constitute legal advice. Every legal situation is unique. For matters involving investigation, arrest, litigation, or formal proceedings, consult a qualified legal professional.

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    Business

    Thai Ltd vs Branch Office vs Representative Office

    Three-way comparison of business structures for foreign companies entering Thailand.

    Updated:

    Overview

    Foreign businesses entering Thailand choose between a Thai Limited Company (most common), a Branch Office (extension of parent), or a Representative Office (limited activities only).

    Side-by-Side Comparison

    AspectThai Limited CompanyBranch / Rep Office
    Legal entitySeparate Thai entityBranch: extension of parent; Rep: non-revenue office
    Revenue generationYes — full business activitiesBranch: yes; Rep: NO — cannot generate revenue
    Foreign ownership49% (100% with BOI/FBA)100% foreign-owned (both)
    Minimum capitalTHB 2M per work permitBranch: THB 3M; Rep: THB 3M
    LiabilityLimited to registered capitalBranch: unlimited (parent liable); Rep: unlimited
    Setup time2-4 weeksBranch: 4-8 weeks; Rep: 4-8 weeks
    Tax20% on worldwide incomeBranch: 20% on Thai income; Rep: no income to tax
    Work permitsStandard processBranch: standard; Rep: limited (max 2-3)

    Best For

    Thai Limited Company

    • Most foreign businesses
    • Those wanting BOI benefits
    • Long-term Thailand presence

    Branch / Rep Office

    • Companies needing 100% foreign control (Branch)
    • Market research only — no sales (Rep)
    • Companies testing the market before full entry (Rep)

    Verdict

    Thai Ltd is best for most businesses. Branch suits companies needing 100% foreign control for Thai operations. Rep Office suits companies doing market research only.

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