What Is the Statute of Limitations in Thailand?

Overview

The statute of limitations (อายุความ) in Thailand sets time limits within which legal proceedings must be initiated. Once the limitation period expires, the right to bring a claim or prosecution is extinguished.

Criminal Statute of Limitations

Criminal limitation periods are based on the maximum penalty for the offence (Section 95, Penal Code B.E. 2499 (1956)):

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By Maximum Penalty

Death penalty or life imprisonment: 20 years

Over 7 but under 20 years imprisonment: 15 years

Over 1 but under 7 years imprisonment: 10 years

Up to 1 year imprisonment: 5 years

Petty offences (fine only): 1 year

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Special Cases

Lèse-majesté: 15 years (max penalty 15 years)

Murder: 20 years

Fraud: 10 years

Theft: 10 years

Defamation: 5 years (but complaint must be filed within 3 months)

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When the Clock Starts

From the date the offence was committed

For continuing offences, from the date the offence ceased

Clock paused if the accused flees and a warrant is issued

Civil Statute of Limitations

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General Contracts

Breach of contract: 10 years

Hire of services/work: 2 years

Sale of goods (for sellers/merchants): 2 years

Rent arrears: 5 years

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Tort (Wrongful Acts)

General tort claims: 1 year from knowledge of damage and wrongdoer (max 10 years from act)

Product liability: 3 years from knowledge (max 10 years)

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Property

Land claims: Varies — adverse possession requires 10 years of uninterrupted occupation

Lease disputes: 5 years

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Family Law

Divorce action: No limitation (can be filed anytime)

Legitimation of child: During the father's lifetime or within 1 year of his death

Inheritance claims: 1 year from knowledge of death or opening of will (max 10 years)

Commercial Matters

- Insurance claims: 2 years

Bills of exchange: 3 years (against acceptor), 1 year (against drawer/endorser)

Company disputes: Varies by type

Practical Considerations

- Keep documentation of all dates related to potential legal claims

Seek legal advice promptly — delays can extinguish your rights

Sending a demand letter does NOT stop or reset the limitation period

Filing a court case stops the limitation period

Acknowledgment of debt can reset the period for civil claims

Related Guides

[Civil Law](/civil-law)

[If You're Sued in Thailand](/blog/what-happens-if-sued-in-thailand)

[Small Claims Court](/blog/small-claims-court-thailand-fees-filing-limits)