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Educational Information Only
The content on this page is for general educational purposes and does not constitute legal advice. Every legal situation is unique. For matters involving investigation, arrest, litigation, or formal proceedings, consult a qualified legal professional.
Civil Complaint Skeleton for Thai Court Filing
A skeleton civil complaint (คำฟ้องแพ่ง) for filing at a Thai court of first instance under the Civil Procedure Code (ประมวลกฎหมายวิธีพิจารณาความแพ่ง). Use as a starting point — Thai courts require Thai-language pleadings, certified translations of foreign documents, and proper court-fee calculation.
When to Use
When commencing civil litigation in Thailand for contract disputes, tort claims, debt recovery, property disputes, or other private-law matters. For specialised courts (Tax, IP/IT, Bankruptcy, Administrative), specific rules apply — consult a Thai-qualified lawyer.
Key Clauses
Court Heading
Full name of the court (e.g. ศาลแพ่งกรุงเทพใต้ — Bangkok South Civil Court). Choose the correct court under Section 4 of the Civil Procedure Code (defendant's domicile, place where cause of action arose, etc.).
Case Type and Number Placeholder
Case category (e.g. 'breach of contract') and a placeholder for the case number assigned at filing.
Plaintiff Information
Full name (in Thai script for Thai parties; English with Thai transliteration for foreigners), address, occupation, and ID/passport number. If represented, lawyer's name + registration number.
Defendant Information
Same details. If multiple defendants, list each with their basis for joinder.
Jurisdictional Statement
Brief statement of why this court has jurisdiction (Section 4 CPC) — defendant's domicile, place of contract, place of tort, or property location.
Factual Allegations (numbered)
Each material fact in a separate numbered paragraph under Section 67 + 172 CPC. State the contract or duty, the breach or tort, and the resulting damage.
Legal Grounds
Cite the controlling Thai statutes (Civil and Commercial Code sections, specific statute sections) that establish the cause of action.
Relief Sought
Specific monetary amount claimed, plus interest, costs, and any specific performance. The amount drives the court fee calculation.
Court Fee Calculation
Civil court fees are 2% of the disputed amount, capped at THB 200,000 under the Court Fee Schedule. Show calculation. Consumer claims under the Consumer Case Procedure Act B.E. 2551 are exempt from court fees.
Evidence and Exhibits List
Numbered list of supporting documents. Foreign-language documents must be accompanied by certified Thai translations.
Signature Block
Plaintiff (or lawyer's) signature, date, court fee receipt reference.
Warnings
All pleadings must be filed in Thai. Section 46 of the Civil Procedure Code requires foreign documents to be accompanied by certified Thai translations.
Court fees are 2% of the amount in dispute, up to THB 200,000. If you cannot afford the fees, apply for in forma pauperis status under Section 156 CPC.
Filing deadlines (statutes of limitation) vary widely — contract claims generally 10 years (Civil and Commercial Code Section 193/30), tort 1 year from discovery (Section 448).
Foreigners may only represent themselves in court if they are admitted to the Thai bar. Otherwise, a Thai-qualified lawyer is required for representation under Section 60 CPC.
This skeleton is a starting point only — a Thai-qualified lawyer must review and finalise the complaint before filing.
Professional Legal Assistance
When a matter involves investigation, arrest, detention, litigation, or regulatory action, professional legal representation becomes essential.
Anglo Siam Legal provides experienced legal services across Thailand for both Thai nationals and foreigners.
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